Korsakoff syndrome, also known as amnestic syndrome, is a form of amnesia that occurs primarily in people with alcohol dependence as a result of long-term alcohol abuse. However, brain disorders can also cause this condition. This is referred to as organic amnestic syndrome. Named after the Russian psychiatrist and neurologist Sergey Korsakoff, the condition typically manifests as severe memory impairment.
Below you will find further information and a selection of specialists in Korsakoff syndrome.
Symptoms of Korsakoff's Syndrome
Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as:
- severe impairment of short- and long-term memory
- disorientation regarding time
- confabulation (patients fill in memory gaps with fabricated information)
Causes of Korsakoff’s syndrome
Korsakoff syndrome most often occurs as a terminal stage following multiple episodes of delirium in alcohol dependence. In such cases, it is not referred to as an organic amnestic syndrome, but rather as an amnestic syndrome.
In addition, Korsakoff syndrome (organic amnestic syndrome) can be caused by a variety of brain disorders and other physical illnesses that lead to a disturbance of midbrain structures. Examples of underlying physical illnesses include
- brain injuries
- Brain infections
- Strokes
- multiple sclerosis
- Brain tumors
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
Another form of the disease is what is known as Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. This is a very severe and life-threatening amnestic syndrome characterized by eye muscle paralysis, gait disturbances, and confusion. It is caused by a vitamin B1 deficiency, which can result from malnutrition, alcohol dependence, stomach tumors, or other disorders.
Treatment of Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy requires intensive medical care. Treatment includes the administration of vitamin B1 and therapy for other underlying conditions, such as alcoholism.
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