Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lung tissue. It is one of the most common and most dangerous infectious diseases worldwide. Elderly people, children and people with a weakened immune system are particularly at risk. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial for a full recovery.
This article provides you with comprehensive information on the causes, symptoms, treatment options and course of the disease. You can also find out which doctor treats pneumonia.
Pneumonia is an acute or chronic inflammation of the lung tissue. It is usually triggered by bacteria, viruses or fungi that attack the fine air sacs in the lungs (alveoli). This is where gas exchange normally takes place - i.e. the absorption of oxygen into the blood.
If the disease is not treated in time, it can cause serious complications and be life-threatening. Elderly people, children and people with a weakened immune system are particularly at risk.
In Germany, over 500,000 people suffer from pneumonia every year - more than from a heart attack or stroke. Around a third of patients have to be treated in hospital.
Pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi @ yodiyim /AdobeStock
The signs of pneumonia differ depending on the type of pathogen. A basic distinction is made between typical and atypical pneumonia. While typical pneumonia is caused by bacteria (pneumococci), viruses and other pathogens are responsible for atypical pneumonia.
Typical symptoms:
A typical pneumonia is characterized by an acute course of the disease, which is accompanied by the following symptoms:
Atypical symptoms (often with viral infection):
In severe cases, cyanosis can occur - a bluish discoloration of the lips or fingernails due to a lack of oxygen.
The most common cause is bacteria, especially pneumococci. However, viruses, fungi, parasites or chemical irritants can also trigger inflammation.
Other risk factors are:
Environmental influences such as fine dust, gases or radiation exposure can also increase the risk.
The diagnosis is made by the family doctor or a specialist in respiratory medicine (pulmonologist).
Possible examinations are:
In severe cases, further procedures such as computer tomography (CT) or bronchoscopy (examination of the airways) are used.
If pneumonia is suspected, an X-ray of the chest (chest X-ray) is always necessary @ utah51 /AdobeStock
The therapy depends on the type of pathogen and the severity of the disease.
Possible treatments are
Important: Antibiotics should not be discontinued prematurely - even if the symptoms improve. Discontinuation can lead to antibiotic resistance.
If pneumonia is recognized and treated in time, most people heal completely within 10 to 14 days.
However, complications can also occur if the disease is severe:
Chronically ill, smokers and elderly patients are at increased risk of complications. In rare cases, the disease can be fatal.
Yes - especially if it was caused by bacteria or viruses. The pathogens spread via droplet infection, i.e. when coughing, sneezing or speaking.
Protective measures against infection are:
A strong immune system is the best protection.
Tips for prevention:
If pneumonia is not fully cured, it can become chronic or damage vital organs.
Dangerous secondary diseases are:
For this reason, those affected should continue to take it easy for several days after the fever has subsided and have regular medical check-ups.
Specialists in pneumology or pulmonary and bronchial medicine are primarily responsible for diagnosis and treatment. GPs also often provide initial treatment and refer patients to a specialist if necessary.
Pneumonia is a serious respiratory disease that can be caused by various pathogens. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial for a complication-free course. Preventive measures such as vaccinations, a healthy lifestyle and a strong immune system help to reduce the risk.
