Charcot foot is a special form of diabetic foot syndrome. This condition occurs when polyneuropathy (nerve damage, often caused by diabetes) reduces the sensitivity to pain in the foot. As a result, minor injuries or fractures can go unnoticed and become worse. The term "Charcot foot" goes back to the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, who first described this condition.
Charcotfootis a rare late consequence of diabetes mellitus, which causes bone fractures in the foot @ Pepermpron /AdobeStock
The symptoms of Charcot foot can be varied and often develop gradually. Typical signs are
- Redness and swelling of the foot
- Increased temperature of the skin
- Deformation and instability of the foot
- Pain that can occur despite nerve damage
These symptoms are often difficult to recognize as the sensation of pain is reduced due to the polyneuropathy. It is therefore important to consult a doctor immediately if you notice any unusual changes in the foot.
Charcot foot is mainly caused by a combination of diabetes mellitus and polyneuropathy. This nerve damage leads to a reduced sensation of pain, so that injuries and pressure points go unnoticed. Other risk factors are
- Poorly controlled blood sugar
- Long-term diabetes
- Being overweight
- Previous foot injuries
The diagnosis of Charcot foot is made through a thorough physical examination and imaging procedures such as X-rays or MRI. Important diagnostic steps are
- Anamnesis: taking a medical history
- Clinical examination: Examination of the foot for visible signs
- Imaging procedures: X-rays or MRI to detect fractures or deformities
- Blood tests: Checking inflammation levels
To arrive at a diagnosis, the doctor examines the foot and ankle @ memorisz /AdobeStock
The treatment of Charcot foot is complex and requires an interdisciplinary approach. Important therapies include
- Immobilization of the foot with special orthoses or plaster casts
- Blood sugar control to prevent further nerve damage
- Physiotherapy to stabilize and improve foot function
- In severe cases: surgical interventions to correct deformities
Specialists in the treatment of Charcot foot are diabetologists, orthopaedists and podiatrists. These specialists often work together in special foot centers to ensure the best possible care.
Physiotherapy and foot exercises are particularly important for Charcot foot , as there is an increased risk of falling due to reduced sensorimotor control @ Olga Miltsova /AdobeStock
The course of Charcot foot can vary greatly and depends heavily on early diagnosis and consistent treatment. With the right therapy, the course of the disease can often be positively influenced. What is important here is
- Regular check-ups with the doctor
- Consistent foot care and monitoring by the patient
- Lifestyle adjustments to control blood sugar levels and avoid obesity
In many cases, amputation can be avoided through early and consistent treatment. In severe cases, however, surgery may be necessary despite all efforts.
Charcot foot is a serious complication of diabetic foot syndrome that requires early diagnosis and intensive treatment. Through close cooperation with specialists and consistent blood glucose control, affected patients can positively influence the course of the disease and maintain their quality of life. Watch out for the first signs and seek medical advice immediately if you suspect you have the condition to avoid serious consequences.
