A hip dislocation is a dislocation of the hip joint. Compared to other dislocations, it occurs rather rarely. An accident is usually the cause of dislocation, but there are also congenital forms of hip dislocation.
Below you will find further information and selected specialists for the treatment of hip dislocation.
Hip dislocations are dislocations of the hip joint. Compared to other dislocations (e.g. of the shoulder or elbow), they are rather rare. Only around 4 percent of all joint dislocations affect the hip joint.
Depending on the cause, hip dislocations can be divided into
Traumatic hip dislocations are caused by an accident. They are often accompanied by fractures of the acetabulum and/or the femoral head.
A major or high-energy trauma (e.g. traffic accident) is required to tear the strong hip joint capsule. A distinction is made between different forms depending on the direction of the dislocation:
Congenital dislocations of the hip joint are congenital dislocations of the hip joint. They are usually accompanied by a malformation of the hip socket(hip dysplasia).
Teratological dislocations of the hip joint are associated with other malformations and have existed since birth. A teratological dislocation of the hip joint cannot be corrected without extensive surgery.
Paralysis dislocations occur in muscle and nerve diseases such as
occur.
Structure of the pelvis and hip joint © Henrie | AdobeStock
Traumatic hip dislocation is characterized by a painful and restricted hip after the accident. An X-ray of the pelvis then reveals the dislocation, which should then be corrected (repositioned) as quickly as possible.
It is important to exclude concomitant bony injuries to the pelvis and thigh. If there is no fracture, it is a classic dislocation. In the case of fractures, a CT scan should always be performed for better assessment and treatment planning.
Congenital hip dislocation should be detected during an ultrasound examination as part of the newborn examination (hip dysplasia screening) in the first week after birth. Otherwise, the same signs can be seen here as in hip dysplasia. These include
Traumatic hip dislocation should be gently corrected as quickly as possible under anesthesia. In this way, a circulatory disorder of the femoral head can be avoided.
In stable joints with no further dislocation tendency, conservative treatment with unloading/partial weight-bearing for 6 to 8 weeks should then be carried out.
In unstable situations with renewed dislocation (often with accompanying fractures), extension treatment is applied. This must be followed by surgical treatment.
In the case of congenital hip dislocation, a reduction must often be carried out by means of permanent extension or surgery. After successful reduction, treatment continues with a plaster cast and then braces. Further treatment is then the same as for hip dysplasia.
Overall, the healing prospects after a traumatic hip dislocation are moderate to good if the dislocation is reduced quickly.
Circulatory disorders of the femoral head(femoral head necrosis) only occur in around 10 percent of dislocations. These circulatory disorders cause further problems. In around 20 percent of cases, premature joint wear occurs (post-traumatic hip arthrosis).
Calcifications around the joint (periarticular ossifications) occur more frequently after dislocation. A complete recovery is not to be expected, especially in the case of more severe concomitant damage, e.g. to nerves, vessels and major cartilage damage.
The earlier a congenital hip dislocation is detected and treated, the better the chances of recovery. In order to detect a dislocation of the hip joint as early as possible, sonography of the hip in newborns is now standard practice.
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