Myoma enucleation refers to the removal of growths in the uterus. Myomas are benign tumors. They are therefore not life-threatening. Nevertheless, depending on their quantity and size, they can have a major impact on a woman's quality of life. Myoma enucleation offers an opportunity to preserve the uterus and reduce the myoma load.
This article explains how such an operation is carried out and which specialists perform fibroid enucleation.
Around 20 to 50 percent of all women of childbearing age have uterine fibroids. This makes fibroids one of the most common benign tumors worldwide. In addition, not all uterine fibroids cause symptoms or have a tendency to grow.
If uterine fibroids cause unpleasant symptoms, doctors can remove them by performing a fibroid enucleation.
The most common symptoms of uterine fibroids include
Before an operation, however, specialists try to treat uterine fibroids with medication. This is because every surgical procedure has certain risks. Myoma enucleation is no exception.
Myoma enucleation is a surgical procedure in which doctors remove fibroids and preserve the uterus @ Peakstock /AdobeStock
The main aim of fibroid enucleation is to preserve the uterus so that the patient can become pregnant at a later date. The surgical method depends on the number and location of the fibroids in the uterus:
If the fibroids are located just below the mucous membrane (submucosal), doctors can remove them during a uterine endoscopy. To do this, they dilate the uterine cavity using an irrigation solution. They then tie off the protruding fibroids with a sling and remove them.
If the fibroids are located in deeper tissue layers, they are removed using laparoscopy.
Laparoscopy is the surgical method of choice for fibroid enucleation @ Vladislav /AdobeStock
This keyhole method (minimally invasive myoma enucleation) has a lower risk of bleeding and infection than open surgery using an abdominal incision. Open surgery can lead to high blood loss and adhesions. The recovery time is also longer.
The following risks can occur during fibroid enucleation:
Myoma enucleation specialists recommend waiting around 6 to 12 months before becoming pregnant. The period depends on the size, location and number of fibroids.
Due to the increased risk of rupture, doctors may advise a caesarean section at the end of a pregnancy.
As uterine fibroids are benign tissue growths, they can usually be removed safely. Nevertheless, women with fibroids are prone to recurrences after fibroid enucleation . This means that new fibroids form in the subsequent period.
The recurrence rate is up to 25 percent in the first few years after surgery. This means that around one in four women will develop new fibroids after fibroid treatment. In contrast, three out of four women are considered cured by myoma enucleation.
The surgical treatment of fibroids is the responsibility of specialists in gynecology. Myoma enucleation specialists are usually gynaecologists who work in designated hospital centers.
Depending on the findings and suspected diagnosis, other specialist groups may be involved in the preliminary stages, such as
The latter often to rule out the possibility of malignant tissue growth.
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