Many complex coordinated structures ensure that the feet carry and balance the entire body weight every day.
However, the foot is optimized for life in the Stone Age, when people walked many kilometers barefoot every day. Today's conditions therefore make it more susceptible to illness or injury.
The anatomy of the foot is a sensitive and fragile structure.
Basically, the foot has a similar structure to the hand, with five metatarsal bones, proximal phalanges, middle phalanges and distal phalanges.
The tarsal bones are
- the talus bone
- the navicular bone
- the cuneiform bone
- the cuboid bone and
- the calcaneus
In addition to the joint capsule,ligaments reinforce and hold the ankle joint, which is usually the most vulnerable component in the event of overloading.
The structure of the arch of the foot is of great importance for the shock absorbers : many ligaments, tendons and muscles ensure that the running surface of the foot is arched upwards. This creates a cushioning effect when walking.
The anatomy of the foot with its bones, ligaments and joints is complex @ bilderzwerg /AdobeStock
The most common foot conditions include
- Diseases of the skin and
- Injuries to the internal anatomy
Due to its function, the foot is exposed to great strain every day.
Poorly fitting footwear often rubs and chafes. As a result, the skin is weakened in some areas and is more susceptible to viruses, bacteria and germs.
Incorrect foot care can also lead to foot diseases.
Internal injuries to the anatomical structures of the foot and ankle are often caused by overloading or accidents.
Torn ankle ligaments and Achilles tendon injuries are among the most common sports injuries.
But even in everyday life, an inaccuracy is often enough to cause a stumble and injure the foot.
Congenital or acquired deformities of the feet and toes as well as inflammation of the ankle joint also cause a visit to the podiatrist.
However, most foot conditions are relatively easy to treat and heal quickly.
The most common skin conditions on the foot are
Athlete's foot usually occurs between the toes @ Alessandro Grandini /AdobeStock
The most common foot injuries and foot diseases are
A heel spur is a small thorn-like ossification on the heel just a few millimetres long @ DimaBerlin /AdobeStock
When it comes to skin conditions on the foot, it is best to consult a dermatologist. A visit to a podiatrist can often help with minor complaints .
These trained podiatrists know exactly what to look out for when it comes to skin and nails. You can expect valuable tips here. Professional foot care is particularly important for older people, as their feet are often less resilient.
When it comes to the internal structures, foot surgeons, ankle surgeons and orthopaedists are usually the right people to contact.
They can determine the cause of pain and functional limitations and suggest suitable treatment methods.
Misalignments can be treated with orthoses, such as insoles. In exceptional cases, however, you may need a surgical procedure.
Physiotherapists are also important, especially in the context of rehabilitation after injuries or chronic illnesses . They will help you to keep your feet fit in the long term through physiotherapy.
